I was having the same problem. Only thing I found that in the bottom left corner a tiny microphone that you can barely see and that turns on talk to text. Im unsure when the location changed and with what update Super inconvenient Strange, tho it used to be on the text line to the far right.
If you are using the Samsung keyboard, you must go to settings/general management/keyboard list and default and turn on show keyboard button on navigation bar. This will place a tiny keyboard on the navigation bar. You can use this button to switch keyboards (if you have multiple) or to switch to voice input. If you want the mic there all the time the keyboard is active, you should long press it until it turns to the mic and that will be its permanent state, til you change it again.
You can also switch to Google keyboard where the microphone is on the toolbar where it belongs. If you don't want to use Google keyboard, there's also Swiftkey which also has the microphone where it belongs.
